It's really interesting to learn about the school system in other countries. I only know how it's done in Austria, England and France - as in the latter two I worked as au pair/nanny for children aged between 9 months and 9 years.
Here in Austria you start Kindergarten when you're 3 years old at the earliest. It is not mandatory, and it's not like the Kindergarten you describe that you learn your letters or numbers already. It's more like a playgroup and you learn mostly nursery songs and rhymes.
Some children will attend "Vorschule" or pre-school, usually those born September - December of the year that they turn 6. Those who are 6 on 1 September of the new school year starting usually start primary/elementary school. All children who are already 6 by 1 September or the months thereafter will be introduced to the headmaster/mistress, who will have a talk with the child without the parents to see if s/he is mature enough to start school. In pre-school they will already start a little writing and reading. As of the first year in primary school they will start writing and reading and by the end of the school year in June will be able to read simple books.
My niece started Kindergarten when she was 3 as she's an only child and she always wanted to be with other children. Then when she was 6 (her birthday is 28 August - just shortly before the school year starts), she started primary school. She is now in third year and after the fourth, she will either move on to grammar school or secondary school, depending on her grades.
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